In addition, most of the continental shelf of the United States lies along Alaskas coast. The prices Seattle shipping businesses charged began to rise to take advantage of the situation. In a class action suit against Exxon, a jury awarded punitive damages of US$5 billion, but as of 2008 no money has been disbursed and appellate litigation continues. What years of time was the separate but equal doctrine the law of the land in the US? In 1788 Esteban Jos Martnez and Gonzalo Lpez de Haro visited Russian settlements at Unalaska.[6]. However, conditions in both winter and summer are moderated by the city's coastal location; winters are less severe than in the Interior, and conversely, summers are lukewarm. Anchorage, Alaska - Wikipedia What effects accomplishments did Francisco have. Early in this period, the U.S. Army policed the area, and expelled any inhabitant each autumn who did not have shelter (or the resources to pay for shelter) for the harsh winter. It soon entered into the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825 which allowed British merchants to trade in Alaska. No matter which nicknames you might be familiar with, the explanations behind their origins may surprise you. During World War II, two of the outer Aleutian IslandsAttu and Kiskawere invaded and occupied by Japanese troops. The Russians, therefore, advanced southwards along the Pacific coast only after the superior varieties of sea-otters had become depleted, around 1788. Today, more than half of Alaskan land is owned by the Federal Government. This is Hnidi ("The one upriver"), the Dena'ina name for Beluga Mountain. The first large island is Unimak Island, About half of the states inhabitants live in the Greater AnchorageKenai Peninsula area. In the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, votes about the status of the refuge occurred repeatedly in the U.S. House and Senate, but as of 2007 efforts to allow drilling have always been ultimately thwarted by filibusters, amendments, or vetoes. Throughout the Prince William Sound region, towns and ports were destroyed and land was uplifted or shoved downward. "North to the Future" is the official state motto of Alaska, adopted in 1967 for the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs, Nome website/Staff. Carrighar, Sally January 16, 1954). McKenzie seized mining claims with an unlawfully procured receivership granted by Judge Noyes. In the winter of 1925, a diphtheria epidemic raged among Alaska Natives in the Nome area. Gold mining has been a major source of employment and revenue for Nome through to the present day. Johnny Horton wrote the theme song "North to Alaska" for the film of the same name starring John Wayne. Things you need to know about Chicken, Alaska right off the bat: -The official population is 12, according to the most recent census figures. In those and in the adjoining Canadian areas, however, lies the worlds largest expanse of glacial ice outside Greenland and Antarctica. In elementary school, students in the United States usually learnall 50 states and their capitals, butall the state nicknamesaren't generally part of the standard curriculum, even though in some cases they might tell us something important. With a population of 291,247 at the 2020 census, [5] [7] it contains nearly 40% of the state's population. Also known as the "Last Frontier," Alaska is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. Original Alaska Names by the Original People, Alaska Department of Fish A Collector of Customs was appointed by the president of the United States. Alaska, constituent state of the United States of America. Alaska does not have counties, unlike every other American state except Louisiana. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. Many state names trace their origin to native American languages. The 1968 discovery of oil on the North Slope's Prudhoe Baywhich would turn out to have the most recoverable oil of any field in the United Stateswould change Alaska's political landscape for decades. Grinv, Andrei. See answer (1) Best Answer. Photo by Bureau of Land Management/Flickr(Use Permitted with Attribution). The most populous of the divisions, whose capital was Juneau, wondered if it could become a separate state from the other three. The difficulty of finding a balance between conservation and development in an enormous land has been ongoing since the beginning of the 20th century. During the Alaska gold rush, it The Municipality of Anchorage ( Tanaina: Dgheyay Kaq'; Dgheyaytnu) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Alaska by population. The southern portion of Prince of Wales Island was settled by the Haidas fleeing persecution by other Haidas from the Queen Charlotte Islands (which are now named Haida Gwaii and part of British Columbia). Cook's expedition spurred the British to increase their sailings along the northwest coast (the north-eastern coast of the Pacific), following in the wake of the Spanish. A resident of the town formerly known as Barrow, Alaska, rides her motorcycle along an Arctic Ocean beach in 2005. Climate Normals Quick Access Station: Nome MUNI AP, AK", "WMO Climate Normals for Nome, AK 19611990", 1900 Decennial Documents/US Census Bureau, 1910 Decennial Documents/US Census Bureau, 1930 Decennial Documents/US Census Bureau, "Workers Stay Away from the Frozen North", "Nome Offshore Placer deposits (ARDF #NM253) Au", "Nome: Gold & Government Rule the Economy", University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections Frank H. Nowell Photographs, University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections Wilhelm Hester Photographs, University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections Eric A. Hegg Photographs, The Papers of Frances Ross of Nome, Alaska, Henriette Hanson Autobiography and Correspondence on her Life in Nome, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nome,_Alaska&oldid=1158411676, Source: NOAA (sun, relative humidity, and dew point 19611990, snow depth 19812010)). What is the last frontier state? - AnswersAll In that year, gold was found in the beach sands for dozens of miles along the coast at Nome, which spurred the stampede to new heights. How and when did the US acquire Alaska What is its nickname today The median age was 32 years. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Nome is a regional center of transportation for surrounding villages. Many late-comers tried to "jump" the original claims by filing mining claims covering the same ground. Nome is located at (64.503889, 165.399444 According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.6 square miles (56 km 2), of which 12.5 square miles (32 km 2) is land and 9.1 square miles (23.6 km 2) (41.99%) is water.. Nome has a subarctic climate (Kppen Dfc), with long, very cold winters, and short, cool summers.However, conditions in both winter and summer are . In 1903, a boundary dispute with Canada was finally resolved. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt thought Americans from agricultural areas could be transferred to Alaska's Matanuska-Susitna Valley for a fresh chance at agricultural self-sustainment. [17] By 1920, it dropped to 9th place, with just 852 residents. Alexander McKenzie took an interest in the gold rush and secured the appointment of Arthur Noyes as the federal district judge for the Nome region for the purpose of taking control of gold placer mines in Nome. Alaska: The Last Frontier Because of its great abundance of unsettled land, Alaska earned the nickname "The Last Frontier." Its official motto, according to Alaska's official website is "North to the Future," while the name "Alaska," itself derives the Aleut word "aleyska," meaning "great . The crisis was resolved in Madrid by the Nootka Conventions of 17901794, which provided that traders of both Britain and Spain could operate on the northwest coast, that the captured British ships would be returned and an indemnity paid. [16] Running from Great Falls, Montana, to Fairbanks, the road was the first stable link between Alaska and the rest of America. Juneau is more than stunning views, imposing mountains, and running blue waters. The first is that the name was given by Nome's founder, Jafet Lindeberg, an immigrant from Norway. The officer had written "? In the Alaska Range north of Anchorage is Denali (Mount McKinley), 20,310 feet (6,190 metres) highthe highest peak in North America. In the hills north of the city, there were auxiliary facilities associated with the Distant Early Warning system that are visible from the city but are no longer in use. With tourism more vital to the economy, environmentalism also rose in importance. By Benjamin Yates / August 15, 2022. ", Naami. Nearly one-third of the state lies within the Arctic Circle, and about four-fifths of Alaska is underlain by permafrost (permanently frozen sediment and rock). A federally recognized tribe is located in the community, the Nome Eskimo Community. America's last frontier! The town is now officially called Utqiagvik, its Inupiaq name. About Juneau | Juneau History & Town Information Alaska State Names (Etymology of Names) Alaska Name Origin and State Nicknames. Alaska has no official nickname although, when it joined the union in 1959 The government finally took action when permitting for a pipeline crossing the state, necessary to get Alaskan oil to market, was stalled pending the settlement of Native land claims. [20], In 1899, Charles D. Lane founded Wild Goose Mining & Trading Co. His company constructed the Wild Goose Railroad from Nome to Dexter Discovery; it was extended (1906-1908) to the village of Shelton, also known as Lanes Landing.[21][22][23]. Fish and Wildlife Service, at least 300,000 sea birds, 2,000 otters, and other marine animals died because of the spill. For Alexander Baranov, the early Russian leader on this continent. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 Area, Petroleum Assessment, 1998, Including Economic Analysis. It's also been called, the "Land of the Midnight Sun" because the sun shines nearly around the clock . The Alaska earthquake of 1964 was one of the most powerful earthquakes recorded in the United States. What is the word that goes with a public officer of a town or township responsible for keeping the peace? How is it possible for mantle rock to flow? The convention also settled most of the border between Alaska and British North America. Government studies show that the oil and the cleaning process itself did long-term harm to the ecology of the Sound, interfering with the reproduction of birds and animals in ways that still aren't fully understood. Local roads lead to Council, the Kougarok River, and Teller: the Nome-Council, Nome-Taylor, and Nome-Teller Highways, respectively. State Capital: Juneau, located in the Southeast region of Alaska, has a population of 33,277 (2015 Estimate of Population, Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development) [27] The next day, the first case, a foreign national in Anchorage, was announced to the public. The Russo-American Treaty of 1824, which banned American merchants above 54 40' north latitude, was widely ignored and the Russians' hold on Alaska weakened further. News of the discovery reached the outside world that winter. Kenneth J. Bird and David W. Houseknecht. Prince William Sound seems to have recuperated, but scientists still dispute the extent of the recovery. Emergency Services have limited highway, coastal and airport access. The two largest contiguous states, California and Texas, determined their own borders because of the political power they wielded and the concern that they might secede from the U.S. if a . Its official motto, according to Alaska's official website is . Hunting-parties arrived in the following years, and by 1800 three-quarters of Russian America's sea-otter skins were coming from the Sitka Sound area. There are two state-owned airports: Nome seaport is used by freight ships and cruise ships,[41] located at 64.5N and 165.4W on the southern side of the Seward Peninsula in Norton Sound. Juneau is Alaska's state capital, and while Juneau maintains much of its 1890s flavor, the nonstop gambling saloons and houses of pleasure have given way businesses designed to pry money from tourists. Later discovery of gold and oil would show it to be a worthwhile one. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. ", Author unknown (October 1934) "Nome No More.". We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. the land from Russia. Noted toponymist and historian George R. Stewart favored this explanation, citing a letter from the British Admiralty which allegedly confirmed the story from historical records. He is known as "Alaska's Outlaw.". By 1910 Nome's population had fallen to 2,600,[27] and by 1934, to less than 1,500. The pre-fire "Discovery Saloon" is now a private residence and is being slowly restored as a landmark. The debate intensified following a catastrophic oil spill in 1989, when the tanker Exxon Valdez released some 250,000 barrels of oil into Prince William Sound. Alaska, admitted as the 49th state on January 03, 1959 to the union is thought How Did Alaska Get Its Name? - PartyShopMaine - Party Specialists [11], Bering Sea water temperatures around Nome vary during summer from 34 to 48F (1.1 to 8.9C).[12]. Alaska In 2000, it was 25th largest (16th largest incorporated city). See answer (1) Best Answer. Because of its great abundance of unsettled land, Alaska earned the nickname "The Last Frontier.". acceptance of the name Alaska. Your access to this page has been blocked. is a state situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent and is the largest and most sparsely populated. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. or "that which the sea breaks against." Government control was a primary concern, with the territory having 52 federal agencies governing it. The pipeline allowed an oil bonanza to take shape. The United Congo Improvement Association asked the president to settle 400 African American farmers in Alaska, saying that the territory would offer full political rights, but racial prejudice and the belief that only those from northern states would make suitable colonists caused the proposal to fail. In 1971, with major petroleum dollars on the line, the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act was signed into law by Richard Nixon. The name Alaska is derived from the Unangax (Aleut) word alaxsxa or alaxsxix, both meaning mainland or great land. Indeed, Alaska has an immense area and a great variety of physical characteristics. from Stephen Sondheim's 1971 musical Follies. A second theory is that Nome received its name through an error: allegedly when a British cartographer copied an ambiguous annotation made by a British officer on a nautical chart, while on a voyage up the Bering Strait. In fact, another nickname for the city is " The Hanging Basket Capital of the World ". Alaska - Juneau, Alaska Purchase & Population - HISTORY The name "Alaska" is derived from the Aleut "alaxsxaq", meaning "the mainland" or, more literally, "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed". Population (2020) 733,391; (2022 est.) About 5.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% under the age of 18 and 6.9% ages 65 or older. where the village of False Pass and Shishaldin Volcano sit. The city was named in 1790 after the Spanish Navy Minister Antonio Valds y Fernndez Bazn. Nome, Alaska - Wikipedia Public domain image on Wikipedia. The history of Alaska dates back to the Upper Paleolithic period (around 14,000 BC), when foraging groups crossed the Bering land bridge into what is now western Alaska. During the trip he discovered what became known as Cook Inlet (named in honor of Cook in 1794 by George Vancouver, who had served under his command) in Alaskan waters. In 1884, the region was organized and the name was changed from the Department of Alaska to the District of Alaska. The City Dock is approximately 200 feet (61m) in length with a depth of 22.5 feet (MLLW). For every 100 females, there were 115.2 males. The City and Borough of Juneau, more commonly known simply as Juneau ( / duno / JOO-noh; Tlingit: Dznti K'iheni Athabaskan pronunciation: [tsnt khn] ), is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alaska. Other familiar nicknames for Alaska are "The Great Land" (featured on the Alaska quarter), and "The Land of the Midnight Sun. Crash Course History of Juneau, Alaska. [16] It was incorporated as a city in 1901. Although the mid19th century was not a good time for Russians in Alaska, conditions improved for the coastal Alaska Natives who had survived contact. midnight. Today, the tension between preservation and development is seen in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) drilling controversy. Valdez, Alaska - Wikipedia Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) drilling controversy, construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, currently recognized historic architecture, Commissioner of Health and Social Services, History of the west coast of North America, National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska, "The 49th State: A Brief History of Alaska Statehood (18671959)", "Aleutian Islands War: June 3, 1942 August 24, 1943", "Pride and Patriotism: Stamford's Role in World War II", "New Flag Unveiled; 7 Staggered Rows Have 7 Stars Each", "ARCTIC OIL: Oil is the lifeblood of Alaska, with residents ready to drill". A semi-exclave of the U.S., it borders British Columbia and Yukon in Canada to the east, and it shares a western maritime border in the Bering Strait with the Russian Federation's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean, and the Pacific . (previously used on license plates). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. What specific section of the world do cannibals do not live? Why did Alaska get its nickname? In 1942, two of the outer Aleutian IslandsAttu and Kiskawere occupied by the Japanese during World War II and their recovery for the U.S. became a matter of national pride. Seward was ridiculed for the purchase, and American expansion into Alaska was slow . Colorado - The Centennial State. a number of suggestions were made. Because of the Act, Alaska now contains two-thirds of all American national parklands. Copy. As soldiers wearing the new uniformsrode by another troop, a soldier mockingly called out "Yellowhammer, yellowhammer, flicker, flicker,"referring to birds abundant in Alabama, also known as flickers, whose feathers are a brilliant yellow. If you are using a VPN, try disabling it. On March 27, 1964, the Good Friday earthquake struck South-central Alaska, churning the earth for four minutes with a magnitude of 9.2. The name "Alaska" derives from the Aleut word Alaxsxaq (also spelled Alyeska), meaning "mainland" (literally, "the object toward which the action of the sea is directed").[1]. At the time of European contact by the Russian explorers, the area was populated by Alaska Native groups. At this point placer gold mining was still the leading economic activity. It was admitted to the union as the 49th state on January 3, 1959. As the 49th state admitted to the US, Alaska was also one of the last efforts of official expansion, lending more favor to the nickname. Updates? Because of its great abundance of unsettled land, Alaska earned the nickname "The Last Frontier." Its official motto, according to Alaska's official website is "North to the Future," while the name "Alaska," itself derives the Aleut word "aleyska," meaning "great land." . He stated that the motto "is a reminder that beyond the horizon of urban clutter there is a Great Land beneath our flag that can provide a new tomorrow for this century's 'huddled masses yearning to be free'." Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The WestGold Dock (north) is 190 feet (58m) in length with the same depth of 22.5 feet (ML, LW). Aside from its mainland peninsula, the state includes about 15,000 square miles (38,800 square km) of fjords and inlets and about 34,000 miles (54,400 km) of indented tidal coastline. It is also known as Alyeska, the "great land", an Aleut word derived from In 1865, Western Union laid a telegraph line across Alaska to the Bering Strait where it would connect, under water, with an Asian line. Wages were dropped and the workforce decreased by more than half. Despite the extent of the catastrophe, Alaskans rebuilt many of the communities. Alaska is bounded by the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean to the north, Canadas Yukon territory and British Columbia province to the east, the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait and the Bering Sea to the west, and the Chukchi Sea to the northwest. The Aleuts settled the islands of the Aleutian chain approximately 10,000 years ago. Russians reached Yakutat Bay in 1794 and built the settlement of Slavorossiya there in 1795. ConocoPhillips Alaska faces a potential $914,000 fine over what a state regulatory agency called a shallow underground blowout of a well that released natural gas at the companys Alpine field on Alaskas petroleum-rich North Slope last year, The Alaska Weather program has been must-see TV for 47 years in a state where extreme weather dictates everyday life, A U.S. appeals court has halted a lower court ruling that would have shut down southeast Alaskas chinook salmon troll fishery for the summer to protect endangered orca whales that eat the fish, Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito accepted a 2008 trip to a luxury fishing lodge in Alaska from two wealthy Republican donors, one of whom repeatedly had interests before the court, Climate change is opening up the Arctic, and a $600 million-plus expansion will make Nome on Alaska's western coast the nations first deep-water Arctic port. Author of numerous articles on Alaskan geography. In 1899, gold was found in Alaska itself in Nome, and several towns subsequently began to be built, such as Fairbanks and Ruby. The 1968 discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay and the 1977 completion of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline led to an oil boom. Just kidding. All goods entering or leaving Alaska had to be transported by American carriers and shipped to Seattle prior to further shipment, making Alaska dependent on Washington. Today, the Iditarod Dog Sled Race follows the same route they took and ends in Nome. Juneau, the territorial capital, continued as state capital, and William A. Egan was sworn in as the first governor. The new area included vast stretches of unexplored land and untapped resources. This marked a victory for Britain, and Spain effectively withdrew from the North Pacific. Another commercial occupation, whaling, continued with no regard for over-hunting. A check for $7,200,000.00 was issued on August 1, 1868 and made payable to Edouard de Stoeckl, the Russian Minister to . An addition to the Nome facility in 2005 was a 60-foot-wide (18m) concrete barge ramp located inside the inner harbor just west of the Snake River entrance. Fearing a move of the post office to Nome City, a mining camp on the Nome River, the merchants unhappily agreed to change the name of Anvil City back to Nome. Males had a median income of $50,521 versus $35,804 for females. Both Russia and the United States have shown a tacit tolerance of unintentional airspace violations, which are common in bad weather. For example, Fairbanks at a similar parallel quite far inland has much greater temperature swings with both very warm and cold temperatures throughout the year. Average highs stay below freezing from late October until late April, and the average first and last dates of freezing lows are August 30 and June 9, respectively, a freeze-free period of 81 days. Located in the Gastineau Channel and the Alaskan panhandle, it is a consolidated city-borough and the . How did Alaska get its nickname? - Answers Nome has a subarctic climate (Kppen Dfc), with long, very cold winters, and short, cool summers. The U.S. purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. The per capita income for the city was $23,402. By the turn of the 20th century, a movement pushing for Alaska statehood began, but in the contiguous 48 states, legislators were worried that Alaska's population was too sparse, distant, and isolated, and its economy was too unstable for it to be a worthwhile addition to the United States. The ramp provides the bulk cargo carriers with a location closer to the causeway to trans-load freight to landing craft and roll equipment on and off barges. The city of Nome also claims to be home to the world's largest gold pan, although this claim has been disputed by the Canadian city of Quesnel, British Columbia.[5]. Alaska (/ l s k / -LAS-k) is a U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. The name Alaska is derived from the Yupik word "Alyeska," meaning "great land" It is one of the last active gold mining regions in Alaska. Derisive name given to the Alaska territory during the battle between Secretary In March 2005[update], the fund's value was over $30 billion. Nome is home to Alaska's oldest newspaper, the Nome Nugget. It is also known as "Alyeska", the "great land", an Aleut word derived from the same root. During the period from 1900 to 1909, estimates of Nome's population reached as high as 20,000. [20] The highest recorded population of Nome, in the 1900 United States Census, was 12,488. Captain James Cook, midway through his third and final voyage of exploration in 1778, sailed along the west coast of North America aboard HMS Resolution, from then-Spanish California all the way to the Bering Strait. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.8 males. The Great Alaskan Race is a movie (2019) about a group of brave mushers travel over 1100km to save the small children of Nome, from a deadly epidemic. The Last Frontier is Alaska's nickname. [24][25] Traditionally, Alaskan residents, trade unions, and business interests have supported drilling in the refuge, while environmental groups and many within the Democratic Party have traditionally opposed it. Chicken is a small community situated in the Southeast Fairbanks Census-Region in Alaska which occupies an area of about 115.4sq miles. Today, the battle between philosophies of development and conservation is seen in the contentious debate over oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Soapy Smith, a crime boss confidence man who operated the largest criminal empire in gold rush era Alaska, was shot down by vigilantes in the famed Shootout on Juneau Wharf. In the northern regions, the sun will actually stay above the . From 1791 to 1795, Vancouver would lead his own expedition to map the Pacific coastline from the Cook Inlet down to Spanish California.

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