Eggs are coaxed to mature in a culture dish. Hundreds of, In an ever evolving society, the increased use of technology has become a staple in our day to day lives. 2018;52:1321. Cloning is something many people are split on. CAS Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. All in all, it is unmistakably clear the future of curing twenty six to twenty seven million people suffering from many terrible diseases lies in therapeutic cloning. Gorman E, Millar J, McAuley D, OKane C. Mesenchymal stromal cells for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and COVID-19 infection: optimizing the therapeutic potential. 2015;372:235962. Tissue Eng - Part B Rev. Rocha JLM, de Oliveira WCF, Noronha NC, dos Santos NCD, Covas DT, Picano-Castro V, et al. Int Wound J. Chen Y, Zhang Q, Peng W, Liu D, You Y, Liu X, et al. Organ cloning is a process many doctors and scientists are interest in. Looking for a flexible role? 2007;9:37. Article https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20171650. Research Breakthrough: Human Clones May Be Genetically Viable Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Correspondence to With the constant advancements of technology the ideology of cloning has now become a reality. Scientists would be able to recreate these people in a new environment (C). Embryonic stem cell production through therapeutic cloning has fewer Under the current situation the research is at, millions of eggs would need to be studied, but unfortunately there is not sufficient supply available at this moment to be able to create as many embryos. Treatments would be based individually, which would mean that the privacy of the patient would still be ultimately protected. A safety consideration of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on COVID-19. Therapeutic modalities and novel approaches in regenerative medicine for COVID-19. Therapeutic cloning is not something being developed to use in needless situations to destroy embryos. 2020;53:6670. Therapeutic cloning makes it possible for cells to be implanted directly into an organ to allow a degenerating organ to heal itself. 2020;143:109845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109845. The extra embryos which are not used are simply discarded (Basertcher, 2011, p. 6). 2020;2020:8835986. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835986. The one is it could make it is easier for people whose need transplants to get one. 2020. Not only are there many ways in which human cloning can be misused, such as, creating clones for organ donors or replacement children, but cloning has also proved to be rather dangerous (Hoskins). Establishment of gene-edited pigs expressing human blood-coagulation factor VII and albumin for bioartificial liver use. 2002;20:68996. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Market M, Angka L, Martel AB, Bastin D, Olanubi O, Tennakoon G, et al. 2021;28:1237. It is a process of transferring the nucleus of a Stem Cell Rev Reports. (21-13-18-029). PLoS One. Together, these diseases are found in 26.6 to 27.2 million people in the United States, and there could be a possible cure in the future (Ballaro, 2011, p. 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2020.11.004. Zhao X, Chen D, Szabla R, Zheng M, Li G, Du P, et al. Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD, Page RL, Mullins J, Ball S, et al. It could be 1 in 300, as Dolly was or possibly higher. Therapeutic cloning - Cell division - AQA - GCSE Biology (Single - BBC With the success rate presently being only around 1%, it is not economically viable to practice large scale cloning. 2020;11:117491. Cloning is by no means the first technology that has been widely debated. Now, considering that cloned cells would just become defective and then eventually die, obtaining them from embryos does not offer real benefits. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. eCollection 2020. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice from a medical provider or treatment for specific medical conditions. To look at it another way, if therapeutic cloning is in violation of the Nuremburg Code, then so are practices such as abortion. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. In: Singh B, et al. Depending on a person's belief, some may view cloning as a violation of the Nuremburg Code because cells are harvested from an embryo, rendering it lifeless. This research was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Mohammad IbnSaud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia, Grant No. 2020;20. While those who do not support the ethics of researching on embryonic cells, seeing them as viable research alternative, critics argue that adult cells are limiting, stating that they are only of a certain value. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. STUDY MATERIAL . 2020;11(1):437.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01963-6. Therapeutic Cloning Pros. Current state of stem cell-based therapies: an overview. The increasing use of science today is slowly leading to the development of, There are many arguments against cloning. It is slowing down the progress, because there is no money to do the more studies and experiment. Paracrine factors from mesenchymal stem cells: a proposed therapeutic tool for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2020;155:3189. Production of transgenic pig as an Alzheimers disease model using a multi-cistronic vector system. As talk about before it can be used for more than transplants, but other study. Therapeutic cloning could allow an individual's own cells to be used to treat or cure that person's disease, without risk of introducing foreign cells that may be rejected. Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy. Privacy This is true of cloning as well. Czernik M, Toschi P, Zacchini F, Iuso D, Ptak GE. Both therapeutic and reproductive cloning are dangerous. Int J Antimicrob Agents. N Engl J Med. Imiquimod - a toll like receptor 7 agonist - is an ideal option for management of COVID 19. Stem Cell Res Ther. J Transl Med. The possibility of uses that organ cloning could have been enormous. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! All the authors acknowledge and thank their respective institutes and universities. Zhang Y, Ding J, Ren S, Wang W, Yang Y, Li S, et al. Golchin A, Seyedjafari E, Ardeshirylajimi A. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for COVID-19: present or future. Imagine a world without diseases, infertility, and bad genes, that is what genetic enhancement, The economy takes a big hit from it resulting in inflation. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;49:7458. A dangerous idea is an idea that makes individuals think and question their morality, ethics, or integrity. Cell Stem Cell. Caplan AI. Stem Cell Res Ther. PLoS One. It offers a great research potential. They think there are additional cures for scientists to find, and it is not necessary to destroy embryos. 3. Li C, Zhao H, Wang B. Though this may not always come to mind, there are people out there who believe using embryonic stem cells violates the Nuremburg Code, which was established after World War II. Monsel A, Zhu YG, Gennai S, Hao Q, Liu J, Lee JW. 2020;20(11):e8079. Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, Mcwhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KHS. It also enhances our understanding of stem cells, which could lead to new treatments or cures for common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, paralysis, etc. Hu Y, Tan Su Yin E, Yang Y, Wu H, Wei G, Su J, et al. 2019;2045:27181. Amniotic Membrane Placental Cells (AM-MSC), Benefits of Therapeutic Cloning in Stem Cell Science, Play Video about before after stemcell treatment spinal cord injury, Play Video about stemcellsformultiplesclerosis beforeaftertreatment, Play Video about yearafterstemcelltherapyforheartdisease cardiacregeneration, Play Video about year after stemcellsforbackpainDDD. All authors contributed to the conception and the main idea of the work. Individuals are arguing what is morally acceptable, the roles animals should play, and how the government should decide on the issue. Wang J, Zou W, Liu J. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of COVID-19 - progress and challenges. According to Pearson, curing diseases is the number one priority. Are you aware of the potential benefits and drawbacks of therapeutic cloning? Double sperm cloning (DSC) is a promising strategy in mammalian genetic engineering and stem cell research. One of the major issues of today's modern medicine is therapeutically cloning. Generation of marker-free pbd-2 knock-in pigs using the crispr/cas9 and cre/loxp systems. One of the new idea for cloning is organ. Fang Y, Guo J, Wu S, Li X, Zhao J, Li Y, et al. Benefits Of Therapeutic Cloning - 1312 Words | Bartleby Therapeutic Cloning Hum Genet. Stem cells: What they are and what they do - Mayo Clinic 2012;109:205849. The same is true for therapeutic cloning. Cell-based therapies for COVID-19: a living systematic review. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies for COVID-19: current status and mechanism of action. Review of trials currently testing stem cells for treatment of respiratory diseases: facts known to date and possible applications to COVID-19. Regen Center Updated on April 7, 2019 Glossary. Taking Sides: Therapeutic Cloning 2020;23:E7184. Stem cells can be dedifferentiated into more than \(200\) types of cells. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Potential application of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in lung injury: an emerging therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients. The Benefits Of Therapeutic Cloning | ipl.org The Benefits Of Therapeutic Cloning 1841 Words8 Pages Cloning have been a hot topic for many in the medicate field and regular people. Deregulated expression of mitochondrial proteins Mfn2 and Bcnl3L in placentae from sheep somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) conceptuses. Ono Y, Shimozawa N, Ito M, Kono T. Cloned mice from fetal fibroblast cells arrested at metaphase by a serial nuclear transfer. 2021;17(1):23140. Regardless of the good that might be produced by such experiments, the very experiments are of their very nature an immoral use of human beings'" (Basertcher, 2011, p. 6). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Hear Lung. K. D and M.A.M supervised the work and provided the comments and additional scientific information. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts via a chemically induced XEN-like state. Organisms . Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19: a phase 1 clinical trial. Human Cloning Pros & Cons | What is Human Cloning? - Video & Lesson eCollection 2020. As there are continuous advancements in the field of this technology, researchers expect that the level of risks of rejection would continue to go down. Cloning is a process used to create an exact copy of a mammal by using the complete genetic material of a regular body cell. Furthermore, if a clone is made and there is even the slightest mishap, whereby the clone could be inclined to suffer if given the chance to grow, some would strongly oppose due to the fact that human life is so complex and needs a perfect designer, not a person in a laboratory wearing a white coat and plastic goggles. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Bioethicist John Harris explains that human cloning may benefit peoples understanding of genetic nature and abnormalities, as intended with animal cloning (148). 2020;15:24250. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. Therefore, a study or research on human cloning should never exist because it will decrease the value of human life and cause many problems to the world. The Value of Therapeutic Cloning for Patients - BIO Because of these disagreements, cloning has. Ramezankhani R, Solhi R, Memarnejadian A, Nami F, Hashemian SMR, Tricot T, et al. Kass believes that cloning turns natural procreation into a manufactured process, which is not natural or moral. Stem cells applications in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. 1. 2020;56(6):106208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106208. Aging Dis. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2020.11.8078. Then, many people were opposed to sending men into space; they saw it as a suicide mission. Razmi M, Hashemi F, Gheytanchi E, Dehghan Manshadi M, Ghods R, Madjd Z. Immunomodulatory-based therapy as a potential promising treatment strategy against severe COVID-19 patients: a systematic review. There may be controversy surrounding human cloning, but the consequences will desolate society if the issues with it are not addressed. Talha Bin Emran, Kuldeep Dhama or Mohammad Ali Moni. The Benefits Of Therapeutic Cloning - 443 Words | Studymode 2020;2(11):63852. Cloning can create genetical defects and nowhere does it specify that the diseases you already have wont transfer over to your clone. B. Zengin R, Beyaz O, Koc ES, Akinci IO, Kocagoz S, Sagcan G, et al. Benefits Of Therapeutic Cloning - 2018 Words | Cram Al-Khawaga S, Abdelalim EM. I will be covering some of those ways in this paper. Im not sure if I agree with cloning at all. BENEFITS OF THERAPEUTIC CLONING Cloning to make stem cells: Applications in the field of regenerative medicine: Less chances of immune rejection from patient: Increased knowledge of development and differentiation: Instances of successful application of therapeutic cloning: CONCERNS WITH RESPECT TO THERAPEUTIC CLONING Moral and Ethical Issues: Current status and future prospects of stem cell therapy in Alzheimers disease. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2708-8. Bioengineered. 2018;37:1319. Therapeutic cloning is leading to find new treatments or cures for common diseases that are affecting people around the world, . 2012;7:e51866. Although they have yet to clone a human they have cloned sheep. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 1. 2006;89:51824. But with therapeutic cloning, it still uses human cells, so there is no need to worry about the risks of diseases from animals to humans, as well as rejection issues and other common problems related to the practice. Singh B, Chauhan MS, Singla SK, Gautam SK, Verma V, Manik RS, et al. The more challenging task is to clone a human. The knowlege is misused, due to Victor, the monster, and the interference with nature. Manage alerts Chimpanzees are the closest relatives of Homo sapiens, our species. The procedure involves the combination of the patients enucleated egg and somatic cell nucleus. This technology uses embryos because they contain cells that have the ability to grow into any type of cell or organ, giving medical researchers the capability to develop medical procedures that come with an incredible amount of possibilities for life-saving. Also, know its types and benefits here. Production and processing of milk from transgenic goats expressing human lysozyme in the mammary gland. Stem Cells Int. eCollection 2020. The main benefit of therapeutic cloning might actually be for research. Cloning at the gene level is acceptable and is done extensively in research areas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00467. Cloning | Definition, Process, & Types | Britannica Therapeutic cloning refers to a process of utilizing SCNT or the somatic cell nuclear transfer for the production of cells exactly matching the patient. In the novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley understood the consequence of associating technology and science. Li J, Huang S, Wu Y, Gu C, Gao D, Feng C, et al. With the technology of cloning, the percentages of disease could reduce. 8 Pros and Cons of Agricultural Subsidies, 7 Teleological Argument Strengths and Weaknesses, How To Leave An Emotionally Abusive Relationship, The Ability To Move Things With Your Mind, How To Tell Is Someone Is Lying About Cheating. It uses adult cells that have limited potential. eCollection 2020. In the end, the mission was a success. Humans tend to utilize the most out of everything. Int J Mol Sci. Int J Mol Sci. 2005;17:7917. According to the article Human Cloning Treats Human Life as a Commodity, it is stated, "there is no difference in the nuclear transfer technique or the cloned embryo, allowing 'therapeutic cloning' experimentation to proceed will inevitably lead to reproductive cloning," says Dr. Prentice in a paper on the ethical issues of cloning (Driscoll & Prentice, 2011, p. 3). Therapeutic Cloning a. Cloned embryos are used to get stem cells from them for research and therapeutic usage. Theses reasons are different perspectives that lead to tragedies. It eliminates the need for a second-party surgery. Mazzeo A, Santos EJC. Finally, the lasting impact of therapeutic cloning and the many benefits of continuing the research will be explained. The odds of a human clone living and being healthy are tremendously small; therefore, most scientists would not take the risk, especially when no one knows what the probability of a successful outcome would be. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.64508. Transplantation of ACE2- mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. By using this website, you agree to our Therapeutic and reproductive cloning are just a waste of taxpayer money. Google Scholar. 1. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells and brain organoids reveal SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism predominates in choroid plexus epithelium. Ito N, Ohta K. Reprogramming of human somatic cells by bacteria. Article Gu H, Chen Q, Yang G, He L, Fan H, Deng YQ, et al. Why Clone? Nature. Signal Transduct Target Ther. Gentile P, Sterodimas A, Pizzicannella J, Calabrese C, Garcovich S. Research progress on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), drugs, and vaccines in inhibiting COVID-19 disease. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Stem Cells Dev. No one would be forced to use it, but instead cloning would be a choice since the person with the disease would need to use the DNA from their own cells to be capable of a cure being produced. PubMed The best realization about possibly being able to use therapeutic cloning is no one would be forced into using the practice, making it under their own power if it is performed or not. Stem Cell Res Ther. With the new technologies coming to the surface of the science communities, scientists have begun to truly understand the potential of cloning to heal patients, especially therapeutic cloning which allows for various parts of an organisms systems to be, Michael Woodcock Professor Theis Research Paper 8 December, 2014 Cloning is the New Black Cloning could potentially allow advances in science that will benefit society as a whole. Right now, cloning is being used for many purposes in improving the lives of the people, especially therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Kaminuma O, Katayama K, Inoue K, Saeki M, Nishimura T, Kitamura N, et al. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, is in essence the process of substituting the nucleus of an egg for that of the genetic material of the organism being cloned. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10033-6. 2020;4:17981. Stem Cells Dev. Trends Mol Med. presymptomatic genetical testing, or human therapeutically cloning) will very likely diminish with time, as the products of molecular medicine range further away from establishing pure diagnostic and into therapy. The process of cloning is essentially extracting tissue from an organism and growing the tissue within a laboratory by means of asexual reproduction. Cell. Stronger, more resistant plants could be cultivated in large amounts through means provided by cloning techniques. 2017;12(6):e0177933. 2020;16:42733. Mesenchymal stromal cells in viral infections: implications for COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells-bridge catalyst between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID 19. But, they can be known to be helpful and not so bad. Li X, Liu D, Ma Y, Du X, Jing J, Wang L, et al. Liu Z, Cai Y, Wang Y, Nie Y, Zhang C, Xu Y, et al. Cell Stem Cell. Lastly, it is impossible to prove if therapeutic cloning is in violation of the Nuremburg Code because there are too many variables. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;17:7193. Vajta G, Maddox-Hyttel P, Skou CT, Tecirlioglu RT, Peura TT, Lai L, et al. Among the argument raised is the possibility of cloning human beings; whether the individuals derived are seen as a complete human with the whole set of human rights attached to them. Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very different process from reproductive and therapeutic cloning. CAR T-cell treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: management strategies and challenges. Victor Frankenstein found this out when, in the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, he discovers the secrets to creating life which, some might say, led to a horrifying 8 foot tall creature. Singh, B., Mal, G., Verma, V. et al. James Joyce once said that mistakes are the portals of discovery. However, when it comes to the field of genetic engineering, specifically cloning, mistakes, or even discoveries, could turn out to be disastrous. From understanding birth defects better to creating possible treatments for . How Therapeutic Cloning Works: "Therapeutic cloning requires the deliberate creation and disaggregation of a human embryo." The progression of cloning technology could prove to be of great use to humans in the future. 2020;29:1294307. R. T, K. D, T.B.E, and M.A.M also reviewed and revised the text. Imagine being able to cure Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, or Alzheimer's disease, maybe even being able to cure diabetes. Overview: DNA cloning (article) | Khan Academy Li J, Wang X, Li N, Jiang Y, Huang H, Wang T, et al. However Human cloning is dangerous for the new engineered baby and their moms, so it should be banned to prevent new disease, to constantly limit the population of dying human beings, and to stop unnecessary fees to modify babies. 2020;18:eCE5802. EMBO Rep. 2017;18:88593. Li L, Meng H, Zou Q, Zhang J, Cai L, Yang B, et al. Neural Regen Res. Stem cell therapies and benefaction of somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning in COVID-19 era. Basiri A, Pazhouhnia Z, Beheshtizadeh N, Hoseinpour M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Regenerative medicine in COVID-19 treatment: real opportunities and range of promises. If there was a more funding for the research for therapeutic cloning than the limits on it will increases. Doorn J, Moll G, Le Blanc K, Van Blitterswijk C, De Boer J. It will only drain wealth out of an economy (Rawat). Another way that funding is slowing the therapeutic cloning is cost of the operation. 2020;14:113845. Genetic engineering, specifically cloning, denies the dignity of human life because it crosses the ethical borders in which mankind is attempting to surpass God as a creator. Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues. This would create a human being identical in genes to the original cell donor. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated biallelic knockout of IRX3 reduces the production and survival of somatic cell-cloned bama minipigs. Intravenous hMSCs improve myocardial infarction in mice because cells embolized in lung are activated to secrete the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6. 2020;49:102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2020.102066. Silini AR, Magatti M, Cargnoni A, Parolini O. Its process has allowed scientists and researchers to evaluate how the human body could potentially heal itself under the right conditions. However, in the case of life versus death, therapeutic cloning could be extremely beneficial to those who have incurable diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells treatment in COVID-19 patient with multi-organ involvement. 2020;53. Nonetheless, cloning has become a lucrative field in the past twenty years since the first sheep was cloned. There are tens of thousands of wars created by humans in the history of the world, not including the one that has yet to occur (Oakley, 2013). While the idea for organ, There is not enough funding for this research to progress at the pace a lot people would want. Cloning and Embryo Splitting in Mammalians: Brief History, Methods, and Generation of pluripotent stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer and induced pluripotent somatic cells from African green monkeys. However, this also entails a question of ethics that must be answered, such as one where human embryo is seen as a living creature from a morality standpoint. Also therapeutic cloning can help grow new organs for all of those afflicted by disease that are in dire need of new organs which will save their lives and the lives of thousands more.

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