An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. Applyfertilizer in either spring or fall if soils are not sandy. A spreadsheet for calculating the optimal first cutting date and net return per acre based on yield and RFV. A Focus on Forage fact sheet. Written by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Late Summer Cutting Management of Alfalfa Written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, Hard Seed in Alfalfa 1,150/ Kilogram (s) Get Latest Price. byDan Undersander, Forage Agronomist High proportions of alfalfa can overshadow differences caused by grass species in alfalfa-grass pastures, which then results in minor differences in forage nutritive value, ADG and gain per acre due to grass species. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist. Alfalfa regrows from the crown, which is belowground. In Minnesota, the soil test for S is only reliable for sandy soils. Seeding rates above 15 pounds per acre have no positive impact on yield (Table 3). Additionally, many farmers do not plan sufficiently to apply the lime sufficiently far in advance of planting to allow the lime to raise the soil pH. Average yields were 49 percent and 1.66 tons dry matter per acre for first cutting; 34 percent and 1.18 tons dry matter per acre for second cutting; and 17 percent and 0.63 tons dry matter per acre for third cutting. 2023Forage Genetics International, LLC. The suggested N rate for this planting situation is 30 pounds per acre. When harvested at the appropriate time, alfalfa can provide excellent quality feed. In these situations, application of N fertilizer may reduce nodulation. This paper, written by Extension Educator Ken Barnett, looks at the economics of various rotation options using alfalfa and corn silage. America's Alfalfa, the America's Alfalfa logo, HarvXtra and the Traffic Tested logo are registered trademarks of Forage Genetics International, LLC. of Entomology, at the 2000 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Ag Lime, and Pest Management Conference, An Update on Potato Leafhopper Resistance in Alfalfa The recommendations will not be accurate if other sampling depths are used. 2013 WI Crop Management Conference, Alfalfa Removal in Spring It is important to remember thatthe top yields in the Green-Gold programalways exceeded 7 tons/acre and often approached 10 tons per acre. by Limin Kung, University of Delaware, and Randy Shaver, UW Extension Dairy Scientist. Native to warmer temperature, It maintains the carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Extension Forage Program - Montana State University The amounts of phosphate or potash needed for the second and third production years can be based on the results of this test. Establishing alfalfa-grass mixtures | UMN Extension The old clich, you never get over a good or bad start, is very true for the forage crop of alfalfa. Million BTU/acre Soybean (40 bu/a) 2.3 18.3 7.1 Corn grain (180 bu/a) 6.0 59.0 8.8 . We must also manage levels of boron and sulfur. The USDA announced that agricultural producers and private landowners can begin applying for the Grassland Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sign-up starting April 17 through May 26, 2023. Minimizing the risks for fall alfalfa harvest, 5 facts to know before adding GE reduced-lignin alfalfa to your seed order, My cows dont know anything about COVID-19 but three things could affect them for the better, Forage Market Insights: The booming hay season, USDA announces Grassland Conservation Reserve Program sign-up for 2023, American Society of Agronomy announces partnership with Natural Resources Conservation Service. Grau, Dept. Boron is also mobile in soils and should be applied each year. Some varieties have a multifoliate charactersitic as seen in the following image. A presentation given by Craig Grau (emeritus), UW-Madison Dept. Recent research in Northeast Iowa has shown positive yield responses to S on soils with organic matter concentrations of less than 3.0% in the top 6-8 inches. Alfalfa has nutrient requirements that must be met for good yield. by Francisco Contreras-Govea, former UW Agronomy Research Associate, and Dr. Richard Muck, USDA Dairy-Forage Research Center. Authors: Daniel E. Kaiser, Extension nutrient management specialist, and Keith Piotrowski, director of the soil testing laboratory. 2008 WI Crop Management Conference, Potato Leafhopper Resistant Alfalfa Varieties In turn, this increase in forage quality and intake results in greater average daily gain (ADG) and gain per acre for grazing beef cattle. For alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures, the average yield declined from 3.45 tons per acre in 2016 to 3.32 tons per acre in 2017. This cutting height will also help to reduce soil contamination in forage as well. Most fertilizer spreaders cannot be adjusted to apply these low rates. byDan Undersander Wet soils not only reduce diffused oxygen (O2 (g)), but also benefit diseases and increase the risk of ice sheeting. Planting Corn for Silage After a First-cut Alfalfa Harvest How do I submit an idea for an article? These data clearly show that profitability was strongly related to yield. Written by Mike Rankin, Extension Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac County. In the University of Minnesota Alfalfa Variety Trials, we seed at 13 pounds per acre, which achieves the needed 23 to 25 plants per square foot in the first production year, maximizing yield. by Mark Renz, UW-Extension Weed Management Specialist. Phil Kaatz, Michigan State University Extension - This might have been due to the seeding year, as 2012 was a drought year. In the spring, when the soil is dry and the plants are ready to be transplanted, the fertilizer can be applied at the same time as the planting of the seedlings. Analysis performed by V.E. Companion grasses sown with alfalfa reduce the risk of bloat while also extending the life of the pasture by mitigating low legume persistence. Extensive pest management information is contained in this bulletin relative to weed, insect, and disease identification and control for alfalfa. Grazing stockpiled. a Red clover can be added at 4 lb/acre, but the alfalfa rate needs to be reduced by half; alternately, 6 to 8 lb/acre of red clover can be substituted for alfalfa. A soil test for B is available, but this test is recommended for use only in the two areas just mentioned. While every producer may want to harvest at the sweet spot between quality and yield, there is always a tradeoff between quality, yield and persistence based on time of cutting (Fig. Presented at the 2002 Wisconsin Forage Symposium. The Effect of Maturity on NDF Digestibility This is especially true if high rates of phosphate or potash fertilizer are needed. Section 207(f)(2) of the E-Government Act of 2002 requires federal agencies to develop an inventory of information to be published on their Web sites, establish a schedule for publishing information, make those schedules available for public comment, and post the schedules and priorities on the Web site. Smooth bromegrass was widely used in the upper half of North America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with distinguishable northern and southern varieties. Liming to a pH of 6.5 increases the availability of both soil and fertilizer P to plants. This updated version of FeedVal is web based and allows the user to evaluate various feedstuffs based on summative ingredient value. Find the right products and services for your farm, ranch or operation. Click here. FAQs about Liming in Wisconsin Economic Impact of Forage Quality Getting the Most From the Mower-Conditioner Soil Fertility Influences on Cation Levels in Forages by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist. When making the decision, the following economics should be kept in mind: When put in these economic terms, the decision should be clear. In vitro NDF Digestibility of Forages: The 30 vs 48 hr debate Alfalfa establishment: Steps to maximize yield, More soil moisture, longer growing season, enhanced germination and cooler temperatures, Lack of available soil moisture, sclerotinia crown rot may be prevalent, need six to seven weeks of growth to survive the winter. These bacteria allow the alfalfa crop to manufacture the nitrogen it needs from the nitrogen in the atmosphere. 4), yield summaries (n=19) were based on a three-cut systems. Big Bluestem, Indiangrass and Switchgrass | MU Extension The sixth area farmers should pay attention to is minimizing field losses during harvest. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, Non-Discrimination Policy & How to File a Complaint. View the FARM Team web site for current forage budgets and other resources related to forage economics. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station, Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Red Clover or Alfalfa Silage Therefore, about 10 lb per acre of this mixture should be adequate under ideal conditions, but it was seeded at 20 lb per acre to provide greater assurance of successful establishment. Heat Damaged Forages: Effects on Forage Quality Because alfalfa removes significant amounts of P and K (Table 1), fall soil sampling and analysis are needed on an annual basis to identify any P and K deficiencies. May 08, 2018, First cutting alfalfa has historically been the highest-yielding cutting of the year. 2020 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, 2019 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, 2018 Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program Summary, Alfalfa Management Guide This is especially true when soils are sandy. The same economic considerations should be kept in mind when considering whether to cut if rain is threatening. by Dr. Randy Shaver, UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Feedout Losses from Forage Storage Systems Check out the MSU Agricultural Operations Program! Figure 4. 2012 WI Crop Management Conference. Theyre better suited to a two- or three-cut system and also do well in a managed pasture system. by Dan Undersander. Annually sample soils to mitigate soil nutrient deficiencies. Regents of the University of Minnesota. Written by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Pure Live Seed Do not drive on alfalfa field when harvesting crop of adjacent field. When comparing percent of total yearly yield by cutting in the East Lansing yield summaries (n=13) a four-cut system was used (Fig 3). This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. Many pastures will have accumulated forage this fall due to the generally good late season rainfall and temperature patterns. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station, et al. This It requires making sure that alfalfa has the soil pH and fertility it needs, harvesting in a timely manner, minimizing wheel traffic, cutting close to the ground, reducing field losses, and turning over stands in a timely manner. Sainfoin is short lived where root and crown rots are a problem. How much hay does an acre produce? Please click here to continue without javascript.. Texas veteran pays gift of 'Old Glory' forward, Managing silage inventories: What to do if you find yourself short, [Podcast] Being proactive about mental health with Jason Medows. For lactating cow forage, the mixture of alfalfa with meadow fescue and tall fescue resulted in higher yields and higher-quality forage compared to alfalfa alone. This can be seen in the graph at the right which depicts economic data from the Green-Gold program (a third party verified measured yield and quality program) the Wisconsin Forage council used to run. However, each species had greater survival rates when part of a three-species mixture compared to a pure stand. Figure 2 illustrates how Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) relates to nutrient needs for different species and classes of livestock. These suggested rates should be adequate for the seeding year. by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist, and Ken Barnett, UW-Extension Educator. Because buffering soil pH can take time, its advised to perform soil tests and apply and incorporate Ag-lime 12 months prior to alfalfa seeding based on soil reports. An MS Excel spreadsheet that automatically adjusts hay price based on moisture and quality. Feeding Strategies When Alfalfa Supplies are Short FeedVal v6.0 by Dr. Kevin Shinners, UW Ag Engineer. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This will allow adequate time for the lime treatment to neutralize soil acidity and ensure pH in the 6.7 to 6.9 range. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Nick Schneider, Winnebago Co. Over 90% of the Montana hay crop is fed onsite, but its value per acre is higher than our other widely grown crops. This could accelerate the disappearance of alfalfa from the stand. Milk2016 (ALFALFA-GRASS): Index Combining Yield and Quality Good soil-to-seed contact is the critical factor for successful establishment. Recent data would indicate that approximately 0.5 t/a yield is lost for each inch higher the stand is cut. Its very important to use improved varieties within species of grasses to attain the higher-quality forage. The N rate should be held to 25 pounds per acre or less. Generally dairymen have perceived grasses to be too high in fiber for high producing dairy cows. New Disease-Causing Organisms in Alfalfa: Root and Crown Rots and Virus Diseases of Alfalfa and Clover, Effect of Drought on Alfalfa and Managing for Next Growing Season, Maximizing Forage in Winter Injured and Killed Stands, Evaluating and Managing Alfalfa Stands for Winter Injury, How to Manage Hail Damaged Alfalfa and Red Clover, Temperature and Moisture Effects on Forage Quality, Late Summer Cutting Management of Alfalfa, Seven Unique Factors of First-Cut Alfalfa, Measuring the trade-off between alfalfa yield and quality across four harvest periods, Planting Corn for Silage After a First-cut Alfalfa Harvest, Predicting Pre-Harvest Alfalfa Quality Using PEAQ, Estimating Alfalfa RFV in the Field using PEAQ (chart & directions for use), Update on Predicting Harvest Time for Alfalfa, Wisconsin Alfalfa Yield and Persistence (WAYP) Program, 2018 Summary Report, Effects of Rain Damage on Wilting Forages, Forging a Partnership with a Custom Operator, Minimizing Wheel Traffic Damage to Alfalfa, The Long and the Short of Alfalfa Cutting Height, Calculating Alfalfa Optimum First Cut Date Spreadsheet, Estimating the Weight of Forage in a Forage Wagon, Machinery Designs and Adjustments for Minimized Field Losses, Rain Damage to Forage During Hay and Silage Making, Successful Wrapping and Storage of Square Bales, Using a Custom Harvester Factors to Consider, Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: Fermentation Products and Nutritive Value, Inoculant Effects on Alfalfa Silage: In Vitro Gas and Volatile Fatty Acid Production. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus),UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station and Dr. Randy Shaver, UW Extension Dairy Scientist. by Dr. Dan Understander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, How to Get a Good Stand of Alfalfa or Grass It makes sense to harvest with an end goal in mind for quality and yield, according to the type of livestock fed. This could be another benefit of contract harvesting. However, theres a lack of data on the yield and forage quality potential of alfalfa-grass mixtures with modern grass varieties and harvest management. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station The importance of first cutting alfalfa: Quality versus yield A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist. Both seeding dates have pros and cons (Table 2). Soils should be sampled to 6-8 inches. Fertility management ensures good stands and vigorous growth during the establishment years, while increasing productivity and persistence throughout the production years. This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesnt support. A Focus on Forage Fact Sheet. Update on Predicting Harvest Time for Alfalfa Despite these concerns, alfalfa-grass mixtures have great potential for pastures in the Midwest because of the superior quality and yield of alfalfa-grass mixtures. Do You Have Poisonous Weeds in Your Pastures and Forages? A youtube video by University of Wisconsin Integrated Pest and Crop Management. Wedbery, D.J. by Dan Undersander, University of Wisconsin, David R. Mertens, USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, and Nancy Thiex, South Dakota State University, Alfalfa Germination and Growth A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Mike Rankin, UW-Extension Crops and Soils Agent Fond du Lac County, Applying Manure to Alfalfa: Pros, Cons and Recommendations for Three Application Strategies standard hay-type alfalfa production practices, total yield of alfalfa increases 42%, leaf protein yield is . Italian Ryegrass as a Companion Crop for Alfalfa Seeding NCR Research Report 346 by K. Kelling and M. Schmitt, Potassium in Forages by Matt Hansen, former Dodge County Crops and Soils Agent. The average U.S. dry hay yield (all types) jumped from 2.34 tons per acre in 2018 to 2.46 tons per acre in 2019. University of Minnesota Extension discovers science-based solutions, delivers practical education, and engages Minnesotans to build a better future. Each location will typically have unique growing environments for both temperature and rainfall. We offer Alfalfa Grass, which is quality assured and tested before delivering it to . Sainfoin Not Recommended for Wisconsin In pure Italian ryegrass stands, the yield range across all locations and years has been as low as 1 ton per acre and reached nearly 10 tons per acre in other environments. Developed by Bill Lazarus, University of Minnesota, and Dan Undersander, UW-Extension Forage Agronomist . Temperature and Moisture Effects on Forage Quality by Dr. Dave Combs, Dairy Scientist, UW-Madison, Variability of Bypass Protein in Forages The most popular legumes for grazing in the Midwest are red clover and white clover, with only a few producers utilizing alfalfa in their pastures. Therefore, the quality will have a significant impact on how the animals respond, e.g., producing pounds of milk for dairy cows, pounds of gain for growing heifers or steers, or maintaining body condition for lactating beef cow. Recovering Flooded Forages There is usually no benefit from topdressing fertilizer N to established stands unless there is firm evidence that nodulation is not present. When selecting fields, try to avoid hilltops, shallow and highly eroded soils and fields with low spots where water is known to pool (Picture 1). by Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Effect of Drought on Alfalfa and Managing for Next Growing Season |PowerPoint Presentation | Use a cultipacker to firm the soil for good soil covering. Benefits of legume-grass mixtures - University of Minnesota Department of Agronomy Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Figure 5. Quick Stats Lite provides a more structured approach to get commonly requested statistics from our online database. UW Extension Bulletin A3671, When and How to Apply Aglime Understanding NDF Digestibility of Forages, Enhanced Forage Evaluation: NDF Digestibility, Interpretation and Use of Silage Fermentation Analysis Reports, Silage Quality After Applying Liquid Dairy Manure to Alfalfa Stubble, Crop and Soil Management Issues Related to Forage Cation Levels, Feeding Strategies When Alfalfa Supplies are Short, Feedout Losses from Forage Storage Systems, Milk2016 (ALFALFA-GRASS): Index Combining Yield and Quality, Equivalent Purchase Price/Ton of Hay & Haylage at Various Moisture Levels, 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, Non-Discrimination Policy & How to File a Complaint. by Dr. Dan Undersander, UW Extension Forage Agronomist, Diagnosing and Managing Winter Injury When needed, this essential nutrient should be applied each year in early spring. by Pat Hoffman (emeritus), UW Extension Dairy Scientist, Marshfield Ag Research Station. developed by UW Extension Agents, Late Summer Alfalfa Seeding Lucerne | Lucerne Crop Punjab | Apni Kheti Alfalfa Autotoxicity Risk Spreadsheet MS Excel Find out why here. Split applications of K can also reduce the incidence of high K concentrations in forage that can cause reduced forage quality for some classes of livestock. UW Extension Bulletin A2458, How to Take a Tissue Sample in Alfalfa Alfalfa yields in Nevada have averaged approximately 4.5 tons per acre annually over the past several years. Gain per acre was high in 2015, reaching nearly 1,000 pounds per acre in all mixtures. However, meadow fescue demonstrated the greatest compatibility with alfalfa by maintaining the highest alfalfa proportions after three years, resulting in the highest ADG and gain per acre. Provides current soil test and fertilizer recommendations for all field crops (including alfalfa). Select fields with deep, well-drained soils. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Nick Schneider, Winnebago Co. Determining the Optimum Alfalfa Seeding Rate By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our. Soils in Minnesota contain ample calcium (Ca) for crop growth. Cool-season grasses grown with alfalfa mixes - Extension at the Percent of yearly yield x cutting, Chatham, MSU Alfalfa Yield Summaries 2015-2017. A Focus on Forage fact sheet written by Jerry Clark, Chippewa Co. Crops and Soils Educator, Dr. Brian Holmes (emeritus), UW Biological Systems Engineering Dept., and Dr. Richard Muck, USDA Dairy-Forage Research Center. As the alfalfa begins to die off and grass becomes a more significant yield contributor, either slurry, liquid manure, or a moderate rate of nitrogen fertilizer will boost yield and quality. All rights reserved. by Quinn Watson, Plant Pathology, UW-Madison and Damon Smith, UW-Extension Plant Pathologist, Aphanomyces Races in Alfalfa (Easy & Clear Answer) 18 to 20 pounds per acre should be planted for pure alfalfa stands. The effectiveness of liming materials is reported as pounds of ENP per ton. As this year when soils are wet and spring field work difficult, decisions often must be made between planting another crop or harvesting alfalfa. Making Forage Analysis Work for You in Balancing Livestock Rations and Marketing Hay The Census Data Query Tool (CDQT) is a web based tool that is available to access and download table level data from the Census of Agriculture Volume 1 publication. Smooth Bromegrass | MU Extension Contact a specialist. Alfalfa field crop trials results: From the University of Minnesota, M. Samantha Wells, Extension agronomist; Doug Holen, former Extension educator and Craig Sheaffer, agronomist, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences. Over 2015 and 2016, mixtures differed by year, with slightly reduced crude protein (CP) in alfalfa-tall fescue and alfalfa-orchardgrass pasture in 2016, although all mixtures had excessively high CP, averaging around 21% for both years.

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